Textile & Fashion World

Spindle:

The spindle is the main part of a ring frame which helps in twisting, winding simultaneously. Sometimes, spindle referred as ‘heart of spinning’. It hold the bobbin, somewhat loosely but tight enough to prevent slippage.

Functions of Spindle:

a) Twisting and winding is performed by spindle.
b) It holds the bobbin.
c) The capacity of ring frame is mainly determine by the number of spindle.

Different Parts of Spindle:

The parts of spindle are given below:-

1. Spindle blade
2. Wharve
3. Bolster
4. Lock
5. Bearing
6. Bolster cage

The last three parts help the spindle to fix at the right place and work properly. 

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Object:
1. To know about the different parts of the ring frame.
2. To know about the function of the different parts of the ring frame machine.
3. To know about the driving mechanism of the spindle
4. To calculate the front roller delivery of the machine
5. To study the machine in order to improve our technical knowledge.

Gearing Diagram Ring Frame:

Fig: Gearing diagram of ring frame

Machine specification:

• RPM of the motor = 1440
• Diameter of the motor pulley = 5″
• Diameter of the tin cylinder pulley = 10.5″
• Diameter of the tin cylinder = 10″
• Diameter of the wharve = 1.125″
• No of teeth of lower grip wheel = 26T
• No of teeth of upper grip wheel = 46T
• No of teeth of fibre wheel = 42T
• No of teeth of twist carrier wheel = 86T
• No of teeth of twist wheel = 48T
• No of teeth of front roller driving wheel = 98T
• Diameter of front roller = 1″

Calculation:

Result:
Spindle Speed = 6095.24 rpm
Front roller delivery = 323.56 inch/min

Conclusion:
Our teacher and lab assistants are very much helpful to us. Their well teaching and instruction help us greatly to understand this practical. I think this practical will be very helpful in my future career. 

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Balloon Size Depends On
1. Yarn count: Centrifugal force is acted during the operation of unwinding. If the yarn is coarse the stronger centrifugal force is produced during winding & hence larger balloon size is formed.

2. Yarn winding/unwinding rate: Higher the speed of winding/unwinding higher the centrifugal force is produced; hence larger balloon is formed.

3. Size of the package: If the package is larger for the same lift then the height of the balloon will be larger.

4. Lift of the package: Higher the lift of the package then the larger balloon is formed.

5. Position of the guide: If the yarn guide is placed at larger distance from the yarn package, then larger balloon is formed.

Anti-Ballooner
The anti-ballooner is made as a guide of special shape which is placed in the zone of the ballooning yarn motion.

Here 7 is one kind of anti ballooner

The principle of anti-ballooner is that the ballooning yarn periodically meets objects on its path, which disturbs the yarn balance in the balloon so that the latter acquires a more complicated multi-wave shape. At the moment the balloon shape changed, when the number of ballooning yarn wave changes, a shape decrease in yarn tension is observed.

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Traveller: 

Traveler is the most tinny and simple mechanical element in ring frame which carries the most important function like simultaneous twisting, winding, thread guide etc. We have discussed about features of Ring traveller in another article.

Ring traveller

Ring spinning

Comparison of Rotor Spun Yarn with the Ring Spun Yarn :

•  Breaking strength lower than ring spun Yarn
•  CV% of strength better than ring spun yarn
•  Elongation at break higher than ring spun yarn
•  Mass irregularity ( over short lengths) better than ring spun yarn
•  Imperfection index lower than ring spun yarn
•  Volume greater than ring spun yarn
•  Abrasion resistance higher than ring spun yarn
•  Stiffness higher than ring spun yarn
•  Handle harder
•  Power consumption less than ring spun yarn
•  Possible yarn counts rotor Ne 3 – 60 and Ring Ne 6 – 200
•  Energy consumption with productivity lower as compared to ring m/c.

 Aesthetic properties

•  Surface rougher than ring yarn
•  Hariness lower than ring yarn
•  Lusture on the dull side

More capital costs & more maintanace cost as compared to ring machine. In modern rotor spinning line; blow room and carding machine are use at a time. This technique is called “Chute to feed card” or “Chute to feed drawing”. Rotor spinning number is less than combed or carded spinning. Low graded fiber spin in rotor spinning. 

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Object:
1. To produce required count of yarn from the supplied roving by the drafting.
2. To insert sufficient amount of twist to the yarn.
3. To wind the yarn onto the bobbin.
4. To build the yarn package properly.

Main Parts Ring Frame:
1. Creel
2. Guide roller
3. Trumpet
4. Drafting rollers
5. Yarn guide
6. Lappet
7. Balloon controlling ring
8. Traveler
9. Ring
10. Spindle

Specification:
I. Name of manufacturer: Platts.
II. No of spindle: 64
III. Ring dia: 6.2 cm
IV. Lift of the bobbin: 9”

Passage diagram:

Fig: Passage Diagram of Ring frame

Description:
The feed material come from speed frame i.e. roving bobbin is placed on the creel. The creel which is attached to the machine is umbrella type. Then feed material is passed under the guide rollers and through the trumpet in to the drafting zone. Here some draft is inserted in to the roving. The draft system is 3 over 3 drafting system with apron. The delivery material that is delivered from the front roller is reached to the traveler over pneumatic waste collector, lappet and through balloon controlling ring. Lappet is used to control the material path and balloon controlling ring is used to control the balloon formation and spinning tension. Here roving is twisted by the movement of the traveler around the ring. The yarn is then wound on the ring cop.

Conclusion:
Our teacher and lab assistants are very much helpful to us. Their well teaching and instruction help us greatly to understand this practical. I think this practical will be very helpful in my future career. 

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Experiment Name: Study on ring doubling frame
1.Spindle speed, front roller delivery.
2.Twist, twist Constant.

Objects:
1) To combine two or more single threads into one.
2) To insert sufficient amount of twist for holding the yarns.
3) To increase strength, smoothness and luster.
4) To reduce hairiness.
5) To make sewing thread.
6) To wind a suitable bobbin.

Main parts:  

Specification:

• Motor rpm = 1430
• Motor pulley diameter = 6.25²
• Machine pulley diameter = 10.25²
• Tin cylinder diameter = 10²
• Wharve diameter = 1.37²
• Cylinder carrier wheel = 24T
• TCP carrier wheel = 62T
• TCP = 63T
• Front roller diameter = 2’’

Calculation:

Gearing diagram of doubling frame: 

 

Figure: gearing diagram of doubling frame.

Result:
1) Spindle speed = 6461.59 rpm
2) Twist constant = 1235.25
3) Front roller delivery = 319.143 inch/min.
4) Existing TPI = 20
5) Production = 14.37 lb/shift/frame.
6) Required TPI = 16.266
7) Required TCP =76.25T

Conclusion: 

By this experiment we come to know about various parts and working principle of ring doubling frame. This machine is important for producing double yarn on sewing thread. 

Wastage

The action or process of losing or destroying something by using it carelessly or extravagantly. Waste includes all items that people no longer have any use for, which they either intend to get rid of or have already discarded.

In practical,

Input – Output = Wastage

List of Wastage in Combing:

1. Noil:                           As per desired & quality of the end product to be produced.
2. Minilap Wastage:         0.25%
3. Sliver Wastage :           0.25%
4. Roller Wastage :          0.25%
5. Fly Dust:                     0.10%
6. Sweeping:                   0.20%

Wastages in Simplex/Speed Frame:

1. Sliver
2. Roller Waste/Bonda
3. Pneumaphil Waste
4. Roving Waste
5. Sweeping Waste
6. Clearer waste
7. Invisible Waste

Note: Above 0.50% of total amount of wastage is not acceptable

Wastages in Ring Frame:

1. Pnemaphil:                      0.20-0.30%
2. Bonda:                           0.20-0.30%
3. Roving waste:                 0.10-0.20%
4. Thread waste:                 0.10-below
5. Fly dust:                         0.20%
6. Sweeping waste:            0.20%

Note: Total wastage is not more than 1%

Concept of Wastage:

• Wastage Control(Previous Concept) = Wastage Production+Wastage Reduction
• Wastage Management (Present concept) = Wastage Production+Wastage Utilization

Wastage Reduction Procedure/ Factors for Wastage Reductions:

1. Raw materials selection
2. Spindle speed
3. Setting(Rollers, R/T, Traveller cleaner etc)
4. Twist of yarn
5. Machinery condition
6. RH% and Temperature
7. Proper material handling
8. Adequate supervision 

 

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Name of the experiment: Calculation of twist, twist constant of the ring frame.

Objects:
i) To find out twist per inch of the ring frame.
ii) To find out twist constant of the ring frame.

Specification:
Front roller diameter =  1"
Tin cylinder diameter =  10"
Whrave diameter = 1.125"
Twist change pinion = 48T

Gearing diagram:

Figure: gearing diagram for calculating twist and twist constant of ring frame.

Calculation:

Result:
1) TPI= 21
2) Twist constant= 1008

Conclusion:
Ring frame is the final and very important machine for build the yarn onto bobbin in a form suitable for storage, transportation and processing. It is used to twist the drafted strand to form yarn of required count and strength. In this practical we calculate twist, twist constant of the ring frame. By this practical we come to know about the gearing diagram of ring frame. Special thanks to our teacher and his assistance for helping us.

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Objects:
1) To find out draft, draft constant of the ring frame.
2) To find out draft of each zone of the ring frame.

M/C specifications:

• RPM of the motor =1440
• Dia of the motor pulley = 5”
• Dia of the tin cylinder pulley = 10.5”
• Dia of the tin cylinder = 10”
• Dia of the wharve = 1.125”
• No of teeth of fibre wheel = 42T
• No of teeth of front roller driving wheel = 98T
• Dia of the front roller = 1”

Gearing diagram:

Figure :- Gearing Diagram of Drafting Zone of Speed Frame Machine

Calculation of draft, draft constant and draft of each zone of the ring frame:

 

Conclusion:
Ring frame is the final and very important machine for build the yarn onto bobbin in a form suitable for storage, transportation and processing. It is used to twist the drafted strand to form yarn of required count and strength. 

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